Vol. 6, Issue 1, Part A (2024)

Introduction: When left untreated, congenital hypothyroidism (CH), a serious endocrine disease in children, can result in irreversible mental impairment. Recent adjustments to screening systems and demographic considerations have contributed to an increase in CH incidence. More frequently occurring mild variants of CH with a eutopic thyroid gland need for a deeper comprehension of its clinical and molecular characteristics.
Methods: In this review, the clinical and biochemical features of CH with eutopic thyroid gland at the time of diagnosis will be analyzed. To locate pertinent research and information on CH with a eutopic thyroid gland, a thorough examination of the literature was carried out. The clinical features observed in infants diagnosed with CH and eutopic thyroid gland were examined including manifestations at birth, growth parameters, and developmental milestones. To evaluate the severity of hypothyroidism, biochemical measures including thyroid hormone levels (T₄, T₃) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were evaluated. In individuals with eutopic thyroid gland, the differentiation between transitory and permanent types of CH was also looked into. We looked at parameters such TSH and thyroid hormone levels at diagnosis, gender, delivery characteristics, prematurity, low birth weight, maternal risk factors, family history of thyroid disease, and consanguinity that are linked to a higher risk of transitory CH.
Results: The results of this review offer insightful information about the clinical and biochemical characteristics of CH with eutopic thyroid gland. They contribute to the identification of individuals who require long-term levothyroxine treatment and aid in distinguishing between transient and permanent forms of CH. The vast range of temporary CH prevalence in patients with eutopic thyroid gland highlights the need for more research in this area. The evaluation of current diagnostic and treatment strategies highlights the importance of standardized approaches in managing mild forms of thyroid dysfunction.
Conclusion: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and eutopic thyroid gland in neonates are studied clinically and biochemically to gain insight into this particular group. It allows for the identification of individuals who may require long-term levothyroxine treatment and helps differentiate between transient and permanent forms of CH.