Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part A (2024)

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome affects 4% to 21% of women around the world, making it the most common endocrine disease in women who can have children. There are different types of this sickness, or phenotypes. It shows up in the body as oligo-ovulation or anovulation, changes in the ovary polycystic, and hyperandrogenism, which includes acne, hair loss, and hirsutism.
Aims of the study: Check the connection between glypican-4, TSH, and reproductive hormone levels and the development and identification of polycystic ovary syndrome. 
Methodology: A case-control study was conducted at Al-Imamin Al-Kazemin Medical City, with the approval of the hospital's ethical committee. Patients' data, such as age and body mass index (BMI), were collected. Seventy women, 35 with PCOS and 35 healthy as controls, were recruited between February 2022 and September 2022. Women were between 18 and 45 years old in both groups. Patients with thyroid diseases, viral infections, or immune diseases were excluded, and 5 ml of blood was drawn and placed in a gel tube, then separated using centrifugation and hormones such as GLY-4, LH, FSH, prolectin, testosterone, and TSH were estimated using. ELISA technology. 
Results: The results showed that there was no statistical significance in age and body mass index between the two groups. The results also showed a significant increase in the levels of GLY-4, LH, FSH, and Prolactin between the PCOS group and the control group. While the results showed no statistical significance in the levels of Testosterone and TSH between the two groups. 
Conclusions: The findings showed that glypican-4 had a positive relationship with age, testosterone, prolactin, and follicle-stimulating hormone. On the other hand, it had a negative relationship with BMI and follicle-stimulating hormone. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome also showed higher levels of glypican-4 compared to women without the syndrome. This indicates the important role that the protein glypican 4 plays in influencing hormone levels and the relationship between them.