Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part B (2024)

Diabetes mellitus, which known as the constant increase of blood glucose and reduced insulin action. In Iraq, its prevalence is worrying, affecting a large proportion of the population and leading to a large healthcare problem. Dyslipidemia, a major result of diabetes, rises cardiovascular risk and morbidity. While the underlying processes of diabetic dyslipidemia are complicated, current research has thrown light on the possible function of Sterol-O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1), an enzyme involved in cholesterol esterification. The research investigation measured SOAT1 levels in Iraqi diabetic patients to investigate its significance as a biomarker for cardiovascular diseases. The case-control research took place on 200 Iraqi volunteers, comprising 100 healthy controls and 100 diabetes patients, by collecting blood samples and then evaluating them using an ELISA kit for measuring SOAT1 levels. The findings explained SOAT1 levels in the male diabetic patients is 26.76±2.01 and in female diabetic patients 37.33±1.73 which is significantly lower than in healthy controls where the levels of the enzyme in males is 36.88±1.79 while in females is 47.33±1.73, indicating a possible relationship between diabetes and poor cholesterol metabolism. These data suggest that lower SOAT1 levels contribute to cholesterol buildup and increased cardiovascular risk in diabetes individuals, indicating that it might be a therapeutic target.