Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part B (2025)

The fluoride concentration along with various physicochemical parameters was analyzed in groundwater samples collected from different villages of Ganaur block in Sonipat district, Haryana (India), where groundwater constitutes the chief source of potable water. Fluoride levels in these villages ranged from 0.25 to 2.38 mg/L, with an average value of 1.42±0.54 mg/L. The highest concentration was recorded at Naya Bans (2.38 mg/L), while the lowest was observed at Pugthala (0.25 mg/L). In general, fluoride (F⁻) in the groundwater of Ganaur block exhibited weak correlations with most physicochemical parameters, indicating that its concentration is not significantly influenced by water chemistry. Slight negative correlations with EC, TDS, Cl⁻, TA, CO₃²⁻, and Ca²⁺ suggest limited association with salinity and hardness, while a weak positive correlation with NO₃⁻ may reflect minor anthropogenic inputs such as agricultural runoff. Negligible correlations with Mg²⁺, SO₄²⁻, HCO₃⁻, and Na⁺ further support the idea that fluoride levels are primarily influenced by natural geogenic factors, especially the dissolution of fluoride-containing minerals.