Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part B (2025)

Background and Aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern that is often exacerbated by metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Adipsin and C1q/TNF-related protein 12 (CTRP12), two adipokines, have emerged as important regulators of glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, lipid homeostasis, and inflammation, all of which are crucial factors in the pathogenesis of CKD. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the potential of Adipsin and CTRP12 as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in CKD, particularly in the context of metabolic dysfunction.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with studies published between 2010 and 2024. The review includes clinical, experimental, and observational research focusing on the expression, secretion, and functional roles of Adipsin and CTRP12 in metabolic diseases and renal physiology. Studies that explored the interactions between these adipokines, inflammation, and kidney dysfunction were critically analyzed.

Results: Emerging evidence suggests that Adipsin and CTRP12 are integral to metabolic regulation and inflammatory pathways that contribute to CKD. Adipsin plays a key role in insulin secretion and β-cell function, while CTRP12 exhibits insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties. Though direct investigations into their roles in CKD are still limited, existing studies point to their potential involvement in renal impairment, especially in individuals with obesity and T2DM. These adipokines may serve as early biomarkers, reflecting metabolic disturbances that precede or exacerbate kidney injury.

Conclusion: Adipsin and CTRP12 hold promise as novel biomarkers for the early detection and monitoring of CKD, particularly in patients with metabolic comorbidities. Further research, including longitudinal and mechanistic studies, is needed to validate their diagnostic potential and explore their therapeutic applications. Understanding their roles in kidney metabolism could enhance precision medicine approaches for CKD management.