Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part B (2025)

Bt cotton has been cultivated widely across the globe for its pest resistance and yield potential. However, the performance of Bt cotton varies significantly under contrasting agro-climatic environments, where both biological growth attributes and chemical composition of fiber and seed oil are affected. This study evaluates Bt cotton across five less-discussed cotton-producing regions Sudan (Gezira irrigated zone), Pakistan (Punjab plains), Australia (Queensland), Mexico (Chiapas), and Turkey (Aegean basin). The biological parameters assessed include plant height, boll number, boll weight, lint yield, and seed index, while chemical profiling focuses on fiber cellulose, lignin, wax, and seed oil fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic acids) along with gossypol. Results indicate strong environmental influences: Sudanese irrigated fields sustain high yields but elevated gossypol; Pakistani plains show balance between yield and fiber quality; Australian rain-fed cotton demonstrates moderate yields with high cellulose; Mexican humid tropics produce high biomass but diluted oil quality; and Turkish Mediterranean cotton yields premium fiber suitable for high-grade textiles. The findings emphasize the need for integrated chemical and biological assessments to optimize productivity and industrial value of Bt cotton under diverse global climates.